It is possible that many factors contribute to the development of FMD. Other possible causes of FMD include abnormal development of the arteries that supply the vessel wall with blood, resulting in inadequate oxygen supply the anatomic position or movement of the artery within the body certain medications, and tobacco use. However, in small population studies, one’s reproductive history (number of pregnancies and when they occurred) as well as use of birth control pills did not correlate with the development of FMD. Among some individuals with FMD, there is a family history of other vascular problems, such as blood vessel aneurysms.įMD is far more commonly seen in women than in men, resulting in the theory that hormones may play an important role in disease development. In fact, most individuals with FMD do not have a family member who also has the disease. However, a relative may have different artery involvement, different disease severity, or not develop FMD at all. As a result, it is felt that there may be a genetic cause. A number of case reports in the literature have identified the disease in multiple members of the same family including twins. The cause of FMD is not yet known, but several theories have been suggested. FMD in the arms and legs can cause limb discomfort with exercise or can lead to unequal blood pressures in the arms. Bleeding in the brain (intracranial hemorrhage) may occur if an aneurysm ruptures, and it is important to identify and treat brain aneurysms early to prevent this.įMD involving the arteries that supply the intestines, liver and spleen with blood (mesenteric arteries) can result in abdominal pain after eating and unintended weight loss. People with carotid FMD have a higher risk for aneurysms of the arteries in the brain (intracranial aneurysms). This noise is known as a bruit.Ī person with severe carotid FMD causing severe narrowing or a tear in a carotid or vertebral artery may have neurologic symptoms involving the facial nerves (drooping of the eye lid, unequal size of the pupils, for example), stroke or transient ischemic attack. Some patients with FMD may have no symptoms at all but are diagnosed with this disease when a physician hears a noise over one of the arteries due to disturbed or turbulent blood flow within the vessel. FMD in the carotid arteries may cause headaches or a swooshing sound in the ears (called pulsatile tinnitus). For example, FMD in the kidney arteries may cause high blood pressure. Any pain or clinical sign related to FMD typically comes from the organ that is supplied by that artery. The signs and/or symptoms that a person with FMD may experience depend on the arteries affected and whether there is narrowing, tears, or aneurysms within them. Some people with this disease do not have symptoms or findings on a physical examination. SCAD was previously thought to be a separate condition to FMD, but now we are starting to understand that many people have FMD as the main reason for their coronary tear. Recently, studies have shown that some women who were healthy and who have a sudden tearing of a coronary artery (called sudden coronary artery dissection or “SCAD”) probably have undiagnosed FMD. In more than one-half of people with this disease, there will be evidence of FMD in more than one artery. Less commonly, FMD affects the arteries in the abdomen (supplying the liver, spleen and intestines) and extremities (legs and arms). FMD is most commonly found in the arteries that supply the kidneys with blood (renal arteries) and the arteries called the carotid and vertebral arteries which are found in the neck and supply the brain with blood. If narrowing or a tear causes a decrease in blood flow through the artery, symptoms may result. As a result, areas of narrowing (stenosis), aneurysms, or tears (dissection) may occur.
Stay Informed With NORD’s Email Newsletterįibromuscular dysplasia, commonly called FMD, is a disease that causes one or more arteries in the body to have abnormal cell development in the artery wall.Find a Rare Disease Patient Organization.Find Clinical Trials & Research Studies.Launching Registries & Natural History Studies.A Podcast For The Rare Disease Community.
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